Gastroenterology: Digestive Health Expertise

What is Gastroenterology?

Gastroenterology is the field of medicine focused on the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Gastroenterologists diagnose and manage disorders like acid reflux, ulcers, IBS, liver disease, and colorectal cancer.

When to See a Gastroenterologist

• Persistent abdominal pain or bloating

• Heartburn or acid reflux

• Nausea, vomiting, or trouble swallowing

• Blood in stool or black tarry stools

Common Gastrointestinal Conditions

1. GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)

Stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.
Symptoms: Heartburn, regurgitation, chest discomfort.
Treatment: Antacids, PPIs, dietary changes, surgery in severe cases.

2. Peptic Ulcers

Open sores in the lining of the stomach or upper intestine.
Causes: H. pylori infection, NSAID overuse.
Treatment: Antibiotics, acid suppression medications.

3. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A functional bowel disorder without structural abnormalities.
Symptoms: Cramping, bloating, gas, diarrhea or constipation.
Treatment: Diet changes, fiber supplements, antispasmodics.

4. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Includes Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis—chronic inflammation of the GI tract.
Symptoms: Bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, fatigue.
Treatment: Immunosuppressants, biologics, sometimes surgery.

5. Hepatitis & Liver Disease

Infections or damage to the liver caused by viruses, alcohol, or fatty liver disease.
Symptoms: Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain.
Treatment: Antivirals, lifestyle changes, liver transplant in advanced cases.

6. Gallstones & Gallbladder Disease

Solid deposits in the gallbladder causing pain and digestive issues.
Treatment: Dietary changes or gallbladder removal surgery.

7. Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas due to alcohol use, gallstones, or other factors.
Symptoms: Severe upper abdominal pain, vomiting, fever.
Treatment: Hospitalization, pain control, dietary changes.

Diagnostic Procedures

• Endoscopy (EGD): Visual inspection of the esophagus, stomach

• Colonoscopy: To detect colon polyps, bleeding, or cancer

• Ultrasound & CT Scan

• Liver Function Tests

• Capsule Endoscopy: Swallowed camera capsule for small bowel imaging

Gastroenterology Treatments

• Medical management (antacids, antibiotics, immunotherapy)

• Endoscopic procedures (polyp removal, dilation, biopsy)

• Liver and pancreas management

• Diet and lifestyle counseling